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医院污水的一级强化处理宜采用混凝沉淀工艺。混凝、沉淀池应分二组，每组按50％的水量计算。
1、污水处理量小于20m3/h时，沉淀池宜设备化，可采用钢结构或其他结构形式的一体化设备，池形宜为竖流式或斜板沉淀池。当污水处理量大于20m3/h时，沉淀池宜为钢筋混凝土结构，池形宜为竖流式或平流式沉淀池。
2、当沉淀池体采用钢结构时，必须采取切实有效的防腐措施。
3、当采用斜板沉淀池，必须设置斜板冲洗设施。其他形式的沉淀池需采取便于清理、维修的措施。
4、设计应遵循《室外排水设计规范》GBJ14－87(1997年版)等有关规定。
1.2.2对现有一级处理工艺进行加强处理效果的改造
改造应根据实际情况，充分利用现有处理设施，对现有医院中应用较多的化粪池、接触池在结构或运行方式上进行改造，必要时增设部分设施。
有改建场地时，可将调节池用作沉淀池，在化粪池旁增设调节池。
场地不足时可在地面上增设混凝沉淀池。
1.3生物处理
医院污水采用生物处理，一方面是降低水中的污染物浓度，达到排放标准；另一方面可保障消毒效果。生物处理工艺主要有活性污泥法、生物接触氧化法、膜生物反应器、曝气生物滤池和简易生化处理等。
在救援过程中，扬子晚报记者了解到，鼓楼区大队清江村中队接到了出警指令，由于着火地点并非所辖区域，只能跟着导航赶赴现场,利好政策加码、行业需求释放，工业废水治理逐渐受到重视，发改委和环保部不断加大对工业废水行业的投资力度，预计2020年中国工业废水处理行业市场容量将达到3800亿元, 近年来，随着我国水处理行业的迅速发展，且在利好政策助力、行业治理需求不断释放下，农村污水处理、工业废水治理等细分领域将迎来新一轮发展机遇，市场竞争也在不断加剧安徽省
合肥市：长丰县、肥东县、肥西县
芜湖市：镜湖区、新芜区、芜湖县、南陵县、马塘区、鸠江区、繁昌县
蚌埠市：龙子湖区、禹会区、怀远县、固镇县、蚌山区、淮上区、五河县
淮南市：大通区、谢家集区、潘集区、凤台县、田家庵区、八公山区
马鞍山市：金家庄区、雨山区、当涂县、花山区
淮北市：杜集区、烈山区、濉溪县、相山区
铜陵市：铜官山区、郊区、铜陵县、狮子山区
安庆市：迎江区、郊区、枞阳县、太湖县、望江县、桐城市、大观区、怀宁县、潜山县、宿松县、岳西县
黄山市：屯溪区、徽州区、休宁县、祁门县、黄山区、歙县、黟县
滁州市：琅琊区、来安县、定远县、天长市、明光市、南谯区、全椒县、凤阳县
阜阳市：颍州区、颍泉区、太和县、颍上县、界首市、颍东区、临泉县、阜南县
宿州市：墉桥区、萧县、泗县、砀山县、灵璧县
巢湖市：居巢区、无为县、和县、庐江县、含山县
六安市：金安区、寿县、舒城县、裕安区、霍邱县、金寨县
亳州市：谯城区、蒙城县、利辛县、涡阳县
池州市：贵池区、石台县、青阳县、东至县
宣城市：宣州区、广德县、绩溪县、宁国市、郎溪县、泾县、旌德县
针对当前广大农村地区水污染治理仍是Zui大短板和关键节点这一实际，建议：
注重补“短板”，不断提升农村生活污水治理水平。推进农村环境连片整治，加强涵养区、源头区等水源地和民俗旅游村等重点地区的污水治理。
加大财政投入，创新农村生活污水治理的投融资机制。坚持生态环境建设改革方向，培育公平安全的投融资环境，鼓励社会资本投入，加大市、区、乡（镇）的资金投入力度，各级合理分担运维费用。依法落实再生水综合利用等税收优惠政策，深化“以奖促治”政策。按照“低标准、广覆盖”的原则，逐步推进农村开征污水处理费。
我国的水资源形势比较严峻，呈现水资源短缺、用水量攀升、水体污染严重等特征，但政府也在不断加大水环境治理的力度,Afterhydrolysis and acidification, the wastewater enters oxygen-poortank, contact oxidation tank and secondary sedimentation tank inorder to circulate, so that the wastewater is in the environment ofanoxic and oxygen-enriched cycle transformation, and the followingtransformation can be achieved.- Denitrification; convertingorganic nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen, transforming ammonianitrogen into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen through aerobicmicrobial nitrification bacteria, and then transforming nitritenitrogen and nitrate nitrogen into nitrogen through anaerobicmicrobial denitrification bacteria, escaping from sewage-phosphorus removal; high phosphorus content sludge is formed byphosphorus accumulating bacteria releasing phosphorus in anoxicenvironment and absorbing excessive phosphorus in oxygen-richenvironment.- Degrading organic matter thoroughly; On the basis ofhydrolysis acidification, utilizing the characteristics of rapidpropagation of aerobic microorganisms in oxygen-rich environmentand rapid propagation of anaerobic microorganisms in anoxicenvironment, degrading organic matter in turn and transforming itinto sludge(3) Disinfection of sewage to meet dischargestandards(4) Regular removal of sludgeThe characteristics of sewagetreatment methods in small and medium-sized hospitals are asfollows: the volume of the oxygen-poor pool is much smaller thanthat of the contact oxidation pool. When the sewage circulates, theresidence time in the oxygen-poor pool is very short, while theresidence time in the contact oxidation pool is very long, so thatthe sludge produced by biochemical treatment is mainly deposited inthe contact oxidation pool.The characteristics of sewage treatmentmethods in small and medium-sized hospitals are as follows: theoxygen-poor pool is composed of adjusting aeration pool and anoxicpool in series. The two pools are connected structure. By changingthe aeration degree of the adjusting aeration pool, the sewage isfully mixed and the water quality is uniform.4. The sewagetreatment method for small and medium-sized hospitals as describedin claim 3 is characterized in that the sewage treatment stationalso includes a sludge concentration pond which is connected with acontact oxidation pond, and the sludge concentration pond isequipped with a refluxpipe.与调节曝气池连通，回流管路上配有回水泵，开启回水泵，将污泥浓缩池的上层污水泵回调节曝气池，使下层的污泥浓缩，也使接触氧化池中的污泥持续进入污泥浓缩池Thecharacteristics of sewage treatment methods in small andmedium-sized hospitals are as follows: chlorine dioxide is injectedinto the drainage pipe of secondary sedimentation tank; chlorinedioxide flow rate is accurately measured by metering pump to reduceresidual chlorine residue; at the same time, water body issufficiently mixed from the contact oxidation tank and aerated byblower to reduce dosage.6. The small and medium-sized hospitalsewage treatment method described in Fig. 4 is characterized bythat the sewage return flow R = 1:1, i.e. the sewage circulationflow: the treated discharge flow = 1:1.At present, the total numberof medical units above county level (including industrial andmining enterprises hospitals, military hospitals, private hospitalsand Sino-foreign joint venture hospitals, etc.) in our country(except Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao SpecialAdministrative Region and Taiwan region) is about 21,000, of which1041 are tertiary first-class hospitals, accounting for about 5% ofthe total number of hospitals, 90% of which are small andmedium-sized hospitals below secondary level, relatively speaking,large hospitals. All of them have more standardized wastewatertreatment systems, and are equipped with professional maintenanceand management. However, due to the reasons of fund, operation costand personnel quality, a large number of small and medium-sizedmedical institutions are weak in the construction of medicalwastewater treatment facilities, and their operation is notcompletely normal, which is a difficult and important point incurrent pollution control.The sewage discharged by hospitalsconsists of two parts, one is domestic wastewater, the pollutantsare mainly organic matter, the other is medical wastewater, thepollutants are mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and so on. At present,most of the small and medium-sized medical institutions in ourcountry generally adopt the first-level intensified treatment. Thetypical process is as follows.The characteristic of the first-levelintensification process is that it can effectively controlpathogens through disinfection process, but the removal effect ofCOD and BOD is not good and can not meet the requirements ofenvironmental protection.In recent years, with the progress ofsocial economy and the improvement of people"s awareness ofenvironmental protection, more and more small and medium-sizedmedical institutions have built a number of secondary biochemicaltreatment facilities. The processes adopted include A/O, SBR,oxidation ditch and contact oxidation.As can be seen from Table 1,three biological treatment methods, A/O, SBR and oxidation ditch,all have good treatment effect.However, for small and medium-sizedmedical institutions, due to the lack of funds and managers, theremay be insufficient funds in the actual implementation process, orthere may be inadequate management and excessivedischarge.Relatively speaking, contact oxidation method is moresuitable for sewage treatment in small and medium-sized medicalinstitutions, but contact oxidation method lacks oxygen-deficientstage, so the ability of denitrification is weak. Nitrogen ineffluent is basically converted to nitrate, ammonia nitrogen mayreach the standard, and the essence of total nitrogen has not beenremoved.The purpose is to overcome the shortcomings of theabove-mentioned treatment methods and provide a more suitabletreatment method for sewage treatment in small and medium-sizedhospitals. The treatment process of this method is simple, occupiesless land, has low construction investment and operation cost. Itcan not only meet the sewage treatment standards, but also is easyto operate and manage, and has low requirements for the quality ofoperators.
